PRIME Initiative

Olderpreneurs are not being put off by the recesion. A higher proportion are going ahead and giving self-employment a go than five years ago.

These are among the preliminary results of a follow-up study PRIME is currently conducting. We are ringing a sample of 500 clients who contacted us between six months and 18 months ago to find out what has happened to them. The timing makes these people clients of the recession, which is generally held to have started in the second quarter of 2008.

2010 preliminary results

We did a very similar follow-up study asking many of the same questions at the end of 2005. The results showed slightly fewer over-50s starting than now, and many more giving up.

2005 results

We plan to analyse the results more once we have completed the fieldwork in the next few days. But one contrast between 2005 and now is that more of those giving up then cited getting offered a regular job as the reason - 29 per cent in 2005 versus 21 per cent now. So though the recession does not seem to be dampening enthusiasm for self-employment, it is still diminishing the chance of getting offered a conventional job from an employer.

There is a big element of necessity behind older entrepreneurship - at least among PRIME clients (as a charity we concentrate our efforts on the unemployed and those facing redundancy).

Buried away in the detail of the Chancellor’s budget report is notice of the end of a very valuable incentive for those struggling to work their way off benefit. From April 2012, the 50-plus element will be removed from Working Tax Credit. This means PRIME clients won’t be able to get it any more. This could mean a cut of £1,965 in their income in the first year back in work.

Working Tax Credit is a kind of reverse income tax that you should get if your household income falls below a certain level. For the newly self-employed it provides a useful safety net, as it means you know your income won’t fall to zero even if your net profit does. In the early stages of a new business this is very reassuring, as the risk of low or negative income from the startup is real.

Since the 50-plus element is only available to those who are returning to work after previously being on benefit it seems a very odd thing to cut. And it won’t save much for the public purse, since you’ve only ever been able to claim it for your first 12 months back in work. After that it ceases automatically anyway.

The Chancellor hopes to save £35 million in the tax year 2012-2013 by this measure, and £40 million a year thereafter.

Lets’s hope all of this money returns in some way to those striving to get themselves back into work by their own efforts. It’s a very strange thing to remove one of the few forms of financial assistance that was already well-targeted at those actively trying to work themselves off welfare dependency.

On a more positive note the Chancellor announced that the personal income tax allowance is to rise from April 2011 by £1,000 to £7,475, removing some 880,000 people on the lowest incomes from having to pay income tax at all. Eventually he hopes to raise the allowance to £10,000, but gave no definite date.

This measure should help many self-employed people, since most are set up as sole traders and are taxed primarily through income tax, filling in the self-employed self-assessment form.

There’s more about the budget on the resources area on PRIME’s other web site, PRIME Business Club.

Working Tax Credit - current maximum rates per year
(what you actually receive tapers off as your income rises. The Chancellor has also changed the taper “withdrawal rate” too, up two per cent to 41 per cent, so in future you will lose money faster).

 
Latest Working Tax Credit rates and thresholds

Full budget report on HM Treasury site (as big PDF) Stuff about ending the 50-plus back-to-work element is budget policy decision 41 in table 2.1 on page 48.

More details are emerging of the Conservative/Liberal Democrat Coalition’s policy on issues that affect employment creation and the encouragement of new businesses. Here’s a round-up based on what’s been said in important ministerial statements today. I also include some words said before the election by the winning side that still seem to be relevant.

The official statements 24 May 2010

Jobs and Welfare
http://programmeforgovernment.hmg.gov.uk/jobs-and-welfare/

Key points seem to be: a new “Work for Yourself” programme to encourage self-employment with loans and mentoring, new locally-based Work Clubs for conventional job seekers, and a promise of faster access to back-to-work programmes for those facing the biggest barriers.
On the last point, currently those unemployed and over 50 normally have to wait at least six months before getting on a government-sponsored self-employment programme.

Business
http://programmeforgovernment.hmg.gov.uk/business/

No real detail here, but several interesting commitments. Some (unspecified) RDAs are likely to be replaced by local authority-led “Local Enterprise Partnerships”, the IR35 self-employment tax ruling will be replaced with something less hostile to genuine small businesses, and more government tenders will go online with an “aspiration” that 25% of government contracts will eventually go to small and medium-sized businesses.

Detail on corporation tax rate changes that could well affect older entrepreneurs wanting to sell up to move into retirement are still to come.

Pensions and Older People
http://programmeforgovernment.hmg.gov.uk/pensions-and-older-people/
The default retirement age will go, while the state pension age probably will increase to 66 - but not before 2016.

Conservative position before the election

“Our ‘Work for Yourself’ programme will help move people into self-employment. We will build a network of business mentors and offer substantial loans to would-be entrepreneurs, supporting self-employment and franchising as a route back into work. We will work with specialist organisations that already have a proven track record in this area, like the Prince’s Trust and the Bright Ideas Trust, to offer the best support.”

For getting workless people back into ordinary jobs (as opposed to their own self-employed businesses) the Conservatives were talking about a mixture of “Service Academies” for particular employment sectors and small locally-based job clubs. This ideas still seem to be going forward, but no new detail has emerged.

Future of RDAs

While the Conservatives have long been sceptical about the value of England’s nine Regional Development Agencies in promoting prosperity and economic growth, the man who now has the top job at the department that funds them is Liberal Democrat Vince Cable, 67.

But he wasn’t a great fan of the RDAs either. Before the election he explicitly questioned the value of having them at all in the South East and the East of England, but suggested they might have role where structural unemployment is still a problem.

The form of words used in today’s statement suggests RDAs could possibly survive in areas where they can show they are popular - and in particular if they are supported by the local authorities in their region. But that the presumption now is that many will go.

In England local authorities are elected by the people. The big weakness of the RDAs is that despite spending large amounts of tax payers money they are not elected, and with the single exception of the London Development Agency they have very little democratic accountability.

So with spending cuts now a priority they have few allies to defend them. It seems local authorities will increasingly take over any functions that are deemed worth keeping.

This will move England closer to the Scottish position, where the elected local authorities already take on more business promotion and economic development functions.

Most relevant new ministers

DWP
Secretary of State for Work and Pensions – Rt Hon Iain Duncan Smith MP
Minister of State – Chris Grayling MP
Minister of State – Steve Webb MP
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State – Maria Miller MP
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State (Minister for Welfare Reform) – Lord Freud
(What do they all do? More details may be posted on the DWP site later:
http://www.dwp.gov.uk/about-dwp/ministers/ )

BIS
Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills – Dr Vincent Cable MP
Minister of State – Mark Prisk MP

Other relevant departments
Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government – Eric Pickles MP
Secretary of State for the Home Department and Minister for Women and Equalities – Rt Hon Theresa May MP
Secretary of State for Education – Michael Gove MP

A lavish government mentoring scheme has kicked off today with expensive ads in many newspapers. For a change it’s not just spin - over 150 major companies are backing the plan to get unemployed people into work with the support of their own mentor. There is only one problem - you have to be aged under 25 to benefit.

The scheme is the latest stage of Backing Young Britain, an even larger campaign launched back in July. Initially the emphasis was on apprenticeships, work experience and internships.

The mentoring offer has only just kicked off. The main money is coming from the Department for Work and Pensions. Companies contribute volunteer mentors, who get trained for free at taxpayers’ expense.

So it’s a well-thought-out scheme. Shame there’s nothing similar for older people.

Meanwhile here at PRIME we are starting our own more modest mentoring scheme for older people thinking about going into self-employment. These programmes do cost something to run even with volunteers as you need to vet and train the mentors, and then publicise what you are doing so the right people get to hear about it.

Fortunately as a charity we’re not completely without supporters. As yet we haven’t quite managed to get 150 organisations on board to back the mentoring project, but we have got two. Bank of America Charitable Foundation is providing the money and HMRC are first in with a team of volunteers.

Bristol is the first city to go live. We’ll be adding two more later this month.

If you want more details about getting mentoring support for yourself then contact PRIME’s Mentoring Manager Harri Harrison at harri.harrison@ace.org.uk . He’s also your man if you are an organisation that has some volunteer mentors to offer.

Get yourself a PRIME mentor in Bristol

Plans to deal with pension shortfalls by encouraging people to work for longer received a dash of cold water today. Three-quarters of us could be too ill to work, Professor Sir Michael Marmot of University College London warns in a new report.

All but the richest Britons suffer years of ill health. People in the richest neighbourhoods in England live seven years longer than in the poorest, and enjoy an extra 17 years of good health.

Even if you exclude the poorest five per cent and the richest five per cent the gap in life expectancy between those in low and high income places is still six years, and in disability-free life expectancy 13 years.

Much more needs to be done to address health inequalities if raising the retirement age to 68 is really to mean people remaining active and working for longer, the report warns.

The report is not the work of some maverick outfit, but the final paper from the Marmot Commission - set up in 2008 at the request of the Secretary of State for Health. The Commission, chaired by Sir Michael Marmot, was tasked with finding the most effective strategies to reducing health inequalities in the country.

Fair Society, Healthy Lives (The Marmot Review)

Coverage at Times Online

Influential voices are calling for the current “default retirement age” of 65 to be scrapped. The latest call comes from the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC), which has said that workers should be able to stay in their jobs beyond the age of 65. The EHRC polled 1,500 workers, and found that a relaxation of the current rule would be welcomed by most. The House of Lords is likely to debate the issue today, as part of the debate on the Equality Bill, which is currently threading its way through parliament.

Currently employers have the legal right to force employees to retire at 65 - irrespective of whether or not the employee in question is still able to do the job. This was confirmed in a legal ruling in September of last year - but there were strings attached.

The High Court ruled that the default retirement age was not unlawful - but that there was now a compelling case for it to be scrapped. In practice this means that employers can still lawfully retire people against their will at the age of 65, for the time being. But the court wanted an urgent review of this provision.

The current Equality Bill does provide an opportunity to decide whether the default retirement age stays in place. The government has said it intends to get the bill passed before the general election this year. So there’s a chance here for the political parties to do more than make promises, but to actually vote on the issue.

Many organisations have already scrapped automatic retirement based on age, without waiting for a change in the law making them. They include Tesco, Marks & Spencer, HBOS, the Co-op Group and the Civil Service (for all but senior civil servants). An umbrella group called The Employers Forum on Age has been campaigning against forced retirement at 65 for several years.

However, Personnel Today magazine, which itself backs the campaign to scrap forced retirement, reports that some employers are still against changing the law, particularly now, in the middle of a recession. This is because it provides a useful mechanism for them to reduce staff numbers legally. Personnel Today quotes one HR director, who is against changing the lw, as saying “It’s useful to us now”.

Long term though forced retirement at 65 is likely to go. But this in itself won’t be enough to keep more people in work and earning. The jobs need to be there in the first place, for anyone of any age to do.

External links
Equality and Human Rights Commission summary of proposals

EHRC report (PDF) Working Better: The over 50s, the new work generation

Personnel Today on attitudes of HR chiefs pro and con

The Guardian Harman wants end to compulsory retirement age

Note:
The default retirement age and the state pension age are currently out of step. The default retirement age was set at 65 for both men and women in legislation that came into effect four years ago. Meanwhile women continue to be receive their state pension earlier than men, currently at age 60 while men have to wait till 65. But the plan is to harmonise the age for both sexes, increasing it in stages to 68 over time.

When will you get a state pension? Official State Pension Age calculator

Eight per cent of UK adults now want to start a business in retirement, according to a YouGov poll commissioned by Standard Life. And 85 per cent do not intend to stop work after they reach retirement age.

YouGov surveyed the opinions of 2,100 adults broadly representative of the UK population. A third (33 per cent) of respondents wanted to continue in full-time work after they reach retirement age. Roughly another third (31 per cent) wanted to carry on in a similar role but on their own more flexible terms. While eight per cent wanted to start their own business.

Commenting on the findings, John Lawson from Standard Life said “Quite simply, people do not get old like they used to. The baby boomers started a trend for redefining what is effectively their ‘third age’ and these findings point to a continued trend for re-writing the rule book for younger generations.”

The full report is not yet available at the time of writing but it should appear on the Standard Life site shortly.

See also Baby boomers don’t want to retire says pension firm.

Barbie has joined the ranks of the 50-plus, an event celebrated in characteristic style with an immediate facelift. Plastic surgeons at Californian-based manufacturer Mattel have given the world’s most famous doll “a more natural look, including a thinner jaw line, more almond-shaped eyes and fuller lips”.

It is notoriously difficult to judge people’s ages nowadays, as by and large people are looking much younger than their parents did at the same age. This doesn’t seem to prevent the all-too-common tendency by employers and some advertisers to lump all over 50s together as a single group, putting Baby Boomers and their elderly parents in the same category (often the same scrapheap). The mistake is to ignore the real differences in age, attitudes and ability to work between distinct generations.

In tune with today’s celebrity climate, let’s attempt to correct this by identifying some famous people born in the main years of the post-war boom. There are some surprises!

Selected Baby Boom celebrities by year of birth

1945: Ken Livingstone, Helen Mirren, Debbie Harry, Bryan Ferry, Rod Stewart - all 64 this year.

1946: Joanna Lumley, Susan Sarandon, Alan Rickman, Sylvester Stallone, Bill Clinton - all 63 this year.

1947: Alan Sugar, David Bowie, Iggy Pop, Hillary Clinton, Salman Rushdie, Glenn Close, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Elton John - all 62 this year.

1948: Prince Charles, Ozzy Osbourne, Samuel L. Jackson, Sven Goran Eriksson, Terry Pratchett - all 61 this year.

1949: Twiggy, Bill Nighy, Richard Gere, Duncan Bannatyne, Arsene Wenger, Martin Amis - all 60 this year.

1950: Richard Branson, Jeremy Paxman, Julie Walters, Bill Murray, Stevie Wonder, Robbie Coltrane - all 59 this year.

1951: Gordon Brown, Kevin Keegan, Michael Keaton, Jane Seymour, Sting all 58 this year.

1952: Vladimir Putin, Jenny Agutter, Sharon Osbourne, Liam Neeson -
all 57 this year.

1953: Tony Blair, Victoria Wood, Kim Basinger, Pierce Brosnan, Keith Allen, William Petersen - all 56 this year.

1954: Bob Geldof, Michael Moore, Annie Lennox, John Travolta, Jackie Chan - all 55 this year.

1955: Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Bruce Willis, Kevin Costner, Ian Botham, Alan Hansen, Lesley Garrett - all 54 this year.

1956: Rowan Atkinson, Kim Cattrall, Mel Gibson, Martina Navratilova, Sebastian Coe - all 53 this year.

1957: Stephen Fry, Paul Merton, Daniel Day-Lewis, Dawn French, Donny Osmond - all 52 this year.

1958: Madonna, Prince, Sharon Stone, Michael Jackson, Kate Bush, Lennie Henry, Viggo Mortensen, Marg Helgenberger, Miranda Richardson - all 51 this year.

1959: Hugh Laurie, Theo Paphitis, Deborah Meaden, Ben Elton, Morrissey, Linzi Drew, John McEnroe, Kevin Spacey, Val Kilmer, Rupert Everett - all 50 this year.

1960: Nigella Lawson, Kristin Scott Thomas, Carol Vorderman, Hugh Grant, Sean Penn, Gary Lineker, Colin Firth, Antonio Banderas, Michael Stipe, Bono, Richard Farleigh - all 49 this year.

1961: Barack Obama, Barry McGuigan, Eddie Murphy, K D Lang, Meg Ryan, Nastassja Kinski, Boy George, Frank Bruno, George Clooney, Heather Locklear, Michael J Fox, Peter Jackson, Robert Carlyle, Sarah Brightman, Tim Roth, William Hague, Woody Harrelson - all 48 this year.

Perhaps even more suprising are some of those born in 1969, who will all be 40 this year - Catherine Zeta-Jones, Jennifer Aniston and Jennifer Lopez.

Worth a read: Advice for Barbie at age 50

Pension giant Standard Life has produced a very interesting report called The Death of Retirement. The key findings are that the current generation of older people are very different to their parents. Above all they want to keep doing things. Baby boomers want to travel, work - and even launch new business ventures. Retirement in its traditional sense is not a concept that appeals to them at all.

“Currently society constrains people into a post-65 mindset which is at odds with their ambitions”, says Honey Langcaster-James, psychologist and one of the report’s authors. “Government, society, industry – particularly the financial services industry, use entirely the wrong language.

“The messages currently conveyed to the next generation approaching third age imply slowing down, being less involved in society, being cautious, risk averse and preparing to be less active.

“Ageism is endemic and could have severe implications for the mental health of third agers because it will ultimately frustrate their ambitions.”

“A huge potential resource is left untapped by not engaging this population, drawing on their expertise, their drive to embark on new ventures and pursue society-enhancing activities such as voluntary work and enterprise.”

Honey Langcaster-James, psychologist

Large survey

The report is based on a large survey of 1,500 people aged 46 to 65 of broadly representative wealth living in the UK. It was then repeated among another sample of 1,000 people from the same age group but representing the wealthiest six per cent of society. So two contrasting groups of normal and great wealth were polled.

Setting the scene, the report says that people from this baby boom generation face a future in which they are likely to be more financially burdened than ever before. They may have to provide for parents who will live a long time and for children who may be financially dependent well into adulthood. This financial burden goes alongside having greater ambitions than any previous generation for their own future after the age of 65.

When asked about their intentions regarding working in the “long-term future”, 30 per cent of the sample representing the normal UK wealth range said they wanted to continue to be involved in work - but on their own terms. This rises to 42 per cent for the wealthier group, who were also asked what their own parents did. Only 15 per cent of parents continued to stay involved in work after retirement. This indicates a massive change between the generations.

When asked about starting a new business, six per cent of the sample of 46-to-65 year-olds of normal wealth want to embark on a new business venture in the future. There was only a slight increase to seven per cent among the wealthier group, so wealth does not seem to be a major factor affecting this aspiration. But the passage of time has certainly produced a change. Among their parents’ generation this aspiration was much less common - seven times less at retirement age.

“It is not that those approaching retirement want to stop working. As our research reveals, baby boomers want to remain active. The challenge for government, society and the financial services industry is how to enable them to remain productive to answer the dilemma of our ageing workforce.”

John Lawson, Head of Pension Policy at Standard Life

If you are over 50 then you are closer to retirement than most of the population. Even if you have a good 15 or 20 years of work left in you, it is likely that eventually you will want to stop. So what then will happen to the business you have built up - and can it help pay for the next stage of your life?

More than half of the respondents to a recent PRIME mini poll expect to sell their business as a going concern when they are ready to exit the business. A further 16 per cent of the olderpreneurs expect to keep it going by giving it to family or a friend.

Do you expect to eventually sell your business?

• 1. Yes - sell as a going concern 56% (49 votes)
• 2. No - will give away to family / friend retaining stake 15% (13 votes)
• 3. No - will give away to family / friend completely 1% (1 vote)
• 4. No - it will close but with sale of major assets 1% (1 vote)
• 5. No - it will close with sale of some minor assets 3% (3 votes)
• 6. No - it will close with nothing much to sell 22% (19 votes)
• 7. Other 2 2% (2 votes)

Source: visitors to www.primebusinessclub.com

The poll was run on PRIME’s other web site, www.primebusinessclub.com, which provides support for those starting or running a business after the age of 50.

A key finding was that about a quarter of the respondents expect their business to close when they leave. And the great majority of these don’t expect to be able to make much from selling the assets.

So there is a clear split between those expecting to get extra money from the business when they exit and those who don’t. This may be realistic - some businesses are worth something without the founder while for others the founder IS the business. The type of business is critical.

And so is its size. There is a well developed market for selling businesses over a certain size. Papers, notably Daltons Weekly carry classified listing of businesses for sale, and specialist business transfer agents will help with a sale in return for a fee. But once you get below a value of about £250,000 for the business the market gets less interested, and the costs involved in selling start eating into the proceeds.

PRIME is very interested in this process and whether there is anything we can realistically do to help the owners of smaller owner-run and self-employed businesses. Part of PRIME’s charitable mission is “the prevention of poverty in retirement”. Maximising the chances of business owners realising at least some of the value of their businesses when they pack it in would certainly help.

Women’s web site More To Life Than Shoes has relaunched. Though not strictly a business web site - its stated aim is the more general one of “inspiring women to achieve their dreams”, it has lessons for anyone doing a web site aimed at people facing the daunting task of setting out on their own.

www.moretolifethanshoes.com sets itself the task of providing inspiration, support and encouragement. And by and large it succeeds.

Its basic method is to pile on the positive examples. There is interview after interview, story after story, about women doing things for themselves and succeeding. Though the relentless optimism can get a bit wearing, by comparison most sites targeted at small business are lifeless and dull.

Many of the inspirational examples are from the world of business, so this is a good site for confidence building. The expert section also contains much advice of a business nature, so overall this is a good free resource for female business starters.

The lesson for PRIME? You can never have too many case studies.

For what it’s worth the UK has dropped from 9th to 12th in the annual league table of global “competitiveness” produced by the World Economic Forum. This puts it behind the US and several of its European neighbours, notably the Scandinavian countries.

But taking a broader view the UK remains a very good place to do business since there are 134 countries in the survey. Chad comes in last, just behind Zimbabwe.

Top 12 for business

1. United States
2. Switzerland
3. Denmark
4. Sweden
5. Singapore
6. Finland
7. Germany
8. Netherlands
9. Japan
10. Canada
11. Hong Kong SAR
12. United Kingdom

So, with only a little spin, “UK remains in Top 12!”

The report says the UK dropped three spots mainly because of worries about access to capital, as well as concern about the general high level of indebtedness prevailing in the economy. But on its institutions and legal system, infrastructure, technology and may of the other things that affect ease of doing business, the UK is still among the best places in the world to set up shop. The list is based largely on a poll of 12,000 business leaders from all the 134 countries rated.

Only half of Britain’s small firms have a web site, according to the Federation of Small Businesses (FSB). But ALL of the visitors taking part in a recent mini-poll over on our other site PRIME Business Club either had a web site or planned one.

Does your business have a web site of its own?

• Yes 48% (22 votes)
• No - it doesn’t need one 0% (0 votes)
• Not yet but planning one 52% (24 votes)

Source: visitors to www.primebusinessclub.com

The two sets of figures may be compatible. Both polls show an approximately 50:50 split between web-site haves and have-nots. The different interpretations put on this may be like the proverbial half-empty or half-full glass.

Those commenting on the FSB poll have tended to take a half-empty view, decrying small firm’s lack of Internet ambition.

But since the PRIME poll also asked whether people were planning to set one up in the future, it is possible that the missing web sites may only be temporary - just something that people haven’t got round to yet.

Many of PRIME’s visitors have good reason to wait, as they haven’t yet set their businesses up either, or have only done so recently. So they may have other things to get sorted out first, before leaping into cyberspace.

If anything the mini-poll shows a vivid awareness among older entrepreneurs about how valuable a web site can be in business, with none of them saying it isn’t needed.

The Nobel Peace Prize has just gone to Muhammad Yunus of the Grameen Bank, who pioneered the whole concept of microlending. Yunus founded Grameen in 1976 during a famine in Bangladesh. Today it has 6.6 million borrowers of whom 97% are women.

This award is a big breakthrough for the whole microfinace sector, and may attract extra support to similar schemes throughout the world - including the UK.

But some in the microfinance sector are sounding a note of caution. Grameen is very unusual in that it has succeeded in becoming big enough to make a significant impact. Most microfinance schemes are very much smaller, and have often run into trouble when trying to scale up.

Britain’s love affair with the Internet has reached new heights, according to research revealing that almost three-quarters of the nation’s net users have high-speed broadband connections. Almost 10 million households now use broadband to access the net, outstripping the number of old-fashioned dial-up connections by three to one.